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The Skilled Independent visa is a permanent residence visa which does not require a sponsorship or nomination by an employer, state/territory government or an eligible relative. It is designed for skilled workers who want to work and live anywhere in Australia and who nominate an occupation on an eligible skilled occupation list. The 189 visa is a points-tested visa. You need to score sufficient points from the points test system for general skilled migration, lodge an Expression of Interest (EOI) and meet all other eligibility criteria. You will need an invitation from the Department of Home Affairs to apply for this visa. 

This is a permanent residence visa which does not require a sponsorship or nomination by an employer but requires nomination by an Australian State or Territory Government Agency. It is a visa for skilled workers who want to work and live permanently in Australia. The 190 visa is a points-tested visa. You need to score sufficient points from the points test system for general skilled migration, lodge an Expression of Interest (EOI), be nominated by an Australian State or Territory Government Agency and meet all other eligibility criteria. You will also need an invitation from the Department of Home Affairs to apply for this visa. 

The 491 visa was introduced to replace the 489 visa on 16 November 2019. It is a visa for skilled people nominated by a state or territory government to live and work in regional Australia. You do not need a sponsorship or nomination by an employer, but do need to be nominated by a State or Territory government or sponsored by an eligible relative living in regional Australia.